hard shoulder

hard shoulder的音标为[hɑːd] [ˈʃoʊlɪdʒ]，意思是硬路肩。速记技巧是使用缩写形式h和sh来快速记忆。

Hard shoulder 是指硬路肩（在公路上供车辆停放的部分）。这个词的词源可以追溯到古英语中的“haerd”和“side”，意为“坚硬的一边”。

变化形式：在某些情况下，hard shoulder 可以缩写为 hard shoulder。

相关单词：

1. Road shoulder - 指公路上的路肩，与 hard shoulder 相对应。

2. Emergency lane - 应急车道，也被称为 hard shoulder，因为在紧急情况下，车辆可以在此车道停放。

3. Shoulder - 在许多语言中，这个词都与 road shoulder 和 hard shoulder 相关联。它通常指道路两侧的平坦区域，供车辆停放或行人使用。

4. Shoulder-in - 是一个驾驶术语，指在狭窄的道路上，车辆进入一侧的区域，使得另一侧的车道变窄。

5. Shoulder-out - 是一个驾驶术语，指在宽阔的道路上，车辆从一侧离开某个区域，使得其他车辆可以进入该区域。

6. Shoulder-rubber - 是一个俚语，指那些喜欢靠近道路边缘行驶的人，以避免拥堵或停车。

7. Shoulder-work - 是一个建筑术语，指在建筑物的两侧工作，通常涉及到道路和建筑物的连接部分。

8. Shoulder-to-shoulder - 是一个比喻，指紧密地排列在一起，就像肩并肩一样。

9. Shoulder-up - 是一个比喻，指提供支持或帮助，就像肩膀支撑着身体一样。

10. Shoulder-to-shoulder work - 是一种工作方式，指人们紧密地站在一起工作，通常是为了协同工作或合作完成任务。

常用短语：

1. hard shoulder (n.) 紧急停车道

2. take the hard shoulder (v.) 避开危险

3. hard shoulder driving (n.) 紧急车道行驶

4. keep clear of the hard shoulder (v.) 避免驶入紧急停车道

5. hard shoulder failure (n.) 紧急停车道失灵

6. hard shoulder hazard (n.) 紧急车道危险

7. hard shoulder safety (n.) 紧急停车道安全

双语例句：

1. When driving on this road, always keep clear of the hard shoulder to avoid any accidents.

2. Hard shoulder failure caused us to take an alternative route.

3. I narrowly avoided hitting a car that was trying to overtake on the hard shoulder.

4. It"s important to know how to use the hard shoulder safely and effectively.

5. Hard shoulder driving can be dangerous in emergency situations.

6. The driver who took the hard shoulder instead of using the normal lane caused a traffic jam.

7. The hard shoulder is a crucial safety feature that helps prevent accidents on busy roads.

英文小作文：

Hard Shoulder Safety - A Necessary Feature on Roads

The hard shoulder is a crucial safety feature on roads, providing a clear escape route in case of emergencies. It helps prevent accidents and saves lives by giving drivers an opportunity to quickly pull over and take evasive action if necessary. However, it is essential to know how to use the hard shoulder safely and effectively, as it is not a free parking space and drivers should not take it for granted that they can use it at will. It is important to always keep a close eye on the road and be prepared to take action quickly when necessary, such as avoiding sudden movements or sudden overtaking attempts by other drivers. Additionally, it is essential to always obey traffic rules and regulations, as well as be aware of potential hazards that may occur on the road, such as sudden weather conditions or unexpected obstacles. By following these safety measures, we can ensure that we and others on the road can travel safely and securely.