clinical trial

"clinical trial" 的音标为[ˌklɪnɪˈstrɔɪl] ，基本翻译为"临床试验"或"临床试验研究"。速记技巧为：用首字母缩略词"CLT"来快速记忆。

英文单词“clinical trial”的词源可以追溯到拉丁语和英语。它最初的含义是“在诊所进行的试验”，强调了医学实验的性质。这个词组在英语中的使用可以追溯到18世纪，当时它被用来描述医生在病人身上进行的实验性治疗。

变化形式：在复数形式中，“clinical trials”被使用，表示一系列的医学实验。

相关单词：

1. “experimental” - 这个词与“clinical trial”有很强的关联性，表示通过实验或试验得出的结果。

2. “medical experiment” - 指医学领域的实验，与“clinical trial”有相似的含义。

3. “treatment” - 在临床试验中，治疗是一种常见的活动，因此“treatment trial”是一个常用的短语。

4. “physician” - 医生在临床试验中扮演重要角色，因此“clinical physician”是一个相关的词汇。

5. “biomedical” - 这个词组与医学和生物有关，因此与“clinical trial”有相关性。

6. “clinical research” - 临床研究是医学领域的一个重要部分，与“clinical trial”有相似的含义。

7. “trial and error” - 这个短语与“clinical trial”有相似之处，表示通过尝试和错误来寻找解决方案。

8. “pathology” - 病理学是医学的一个分支，与临床试验有关，因为它研究疾病的原因和机制。

9. “diagnosis” - 诊断是医学中的一个重要过程，它涉及到对疾病的判断，与“clinical trial”有相关性。

10. “therapeutic” - 这个词与治疗有关，表示通过某种方法来达到治疗的目的，因此与“clinical trial”有相关性。

常用短语：

1. Phase I trial：I期临床试验

2. Phase II trial：II期临床试验

3. Phase III trial：III期临床试验

4. Multicenter trial：多中心临床试验

5. Placebo-controlled trial：对照临床试验

6. Open-label trial：开放临床试验

7. Parallel group trial：平行组临床试验

双语例句：

1. The results of the Phase III clinical trial showed that the new drug was effective and safe for use.（III期临床试验结果显示，新药在临床使用上具有有效性和安全性。）

2. The multicenter clinical trial is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the new vaccine.（多中心临床试验旨在评估新疫苗的有效性和安全性。）

3. The open-label trial is a method used to ensure that the participants are not influenced by the placebo effect.（开放临床试验是一种确保参与者不受安慰剂效应影响的方法。）

4. The parallel group trial design allowed for a direct comparison of the two drugs being tested.（平行组临床试验设计允许对两种正在测试的药物进行直接比较。）

5. The Phase II trial showed that the drug was effective in reducing the symptoms of the disease, but further research was needed to confirm its safety.（II期临床试验显示该药物在减轻疾病症状方面有效，但需要进一步研究来确认其安全性。）

6. The placebo-controlled trial provided evidence that the new treatment was more effective than the standard therapy.（对照临床试验提供了证据表明新治疗比标准疗法更有效。）。

7. The clinical trials are essential for the development of new drugs and medical devices, as they provide information about their safety and efficacy.（临床试验对于新药物和医疗设备的开发至关重要，因为它们提供了关于其安全性和有效性的信息。）

英文小作文：

Title: The Importance of Clinical Trials in Drug Development

In the race to find new cures for diseases, clinical trials play a crucial role in ensuring that potential medications are safe and effective before they are released to the public. From Phase I trials, which evaluate the safety of a new drug, to Phase III trials, which assess its efficacy in a large group of patients, clinical trials provide a comprehensive picture of a medication’s potential benefits and risks.

Multicenter trials allow for a more reliable assessment of a medication’s effectiveness and safety, as different centers can independently conduct the same study and compare their results. Placebo-controlled trials, on the other hand, ensure that any observed effects are not solely due to expectation or the placebo effect, but rather to the actual medication being tested.

Open-label trials, on the other hand, provide a more honest assessment of a medication’s effectiveness, as they do not conceal the identity of the medication being tested from the participants. This allows them to be more objective in their evaluation, reducing any potential bias. Parallel group trials, on the other hand, allow for a direct comparison of two or more medications being tested, providing valuable information about their relative efficacy and safety.

In conclusion, clinical trials are essential in ensuring that new medications and medical devices are safe and effective before they are released to the public. Without these trials, patients would be left without effective treatment options, putting their health at risk. Therefore, it is essential that these trials are conducted rigorously and ethically, with the best interests of patients in mind.