diffraction

diffraction的音标为[dɪˈfrek(ə)n]，基本翻译为“衍射”，速记技巧为：衍射（diffraction）是波动绕过障碍物或穿过小孔后偏离原来直线传播而分散传播的现象。

Diffraction这个词的词源可以追溯到拉丁语和德语，它指的是“分散、散射”的意思。这个词最早在19世纪被使用，用来描述光波在遇到障碍物时产生的散射现象。

Diffraction的变化形式主要有复数形式，即“diffractions”，以及过去式和过去分词形式，即“diffractioned”。

相关单词方面，因为diffraction主要与光学和物理学的概念相关，所以下面列出一些与光学相关的单词，如：

1. Interference: 干涉，这个词源自拉丁语，意为“混合、干扰”，它描述的是两束或多束光波在相遇时产生的叠加和相互影响的现象。

2. Refraction: 折射，这个词源自德语，意为“弯曲、折射”，它描述的是光波通过介质时改变传播方向的现象。

3. Mirage: 海市蜃楼，这个词源于阿拉伯语，意为“蜃景”，它描述的是由于光的折射和散射而形成的虚像。

4. Lens: 透镜，这个词源自拉丁语，意为“透镜”，它是一种可以改变光线的传播方向的装置，常用于光学仪器和望远镜等设备中。

5. Fresnel Lens: 菲涅尔透镜，这是根据法国物理学家菲涅尔的名字命名的透镜，它常用于光学投影设备中，能够增强图像的清晰度和亮度。

以上这些单词都与diffraction相关，并且都从不同的角度描述了光学现象和设备。

常用短语：

1. diffract the light 散射光线

2. diffract the image 图像散射

3. diffract the sound 声音衍射

4. diffract the light beam 光线衍射

5. diffract the light waves 光波衍射

6. diffract the light spectrum 光谱衍射

7. diffract the sound waves 声波衍射

例句：

1. When a beam of light encounters a curved surface, it will diffract and scatter, creating a rainbow effect. (光线遇到弯曲表面时会散射并产生彩虹效应。)

2. The waves diffracted by the coastline create beautiful patterns on the beach. (海岸线衍射的波纹在沙滩上形成美丽的图案。)

3. When a sound wave passes through a narrow opening, it will diffract and create a standing wave pattern. (声音波通过狭窄的开口时会散射并产生驻波模式。)

4. The phenomenon of light diffraction is used in optical instruments such as microscopes and telescopes. (光的衍射现象被应用于光学仪器，如显微镜和望远镜。)

5. The diffraction of light waves can be used to measure very small distances. (光波的衍射可用于测量非常小的距离。)

6. The phenomenon of sound diffraction is used in loudspeakers and microphones to create directional sound waves. (声音衍射现象被用于扬声器和麦克风来创建定向声波。)

7. When light passes through a slit, it diffracts and creates a pattern of bright and dark bands on the screen. (当光线通过狭缝时，它会散射并在屏幕上产生明暗条纹的模式。)

英文小作文：

Diffraction is a phenomenon where waves spread out and form patterns after passing through certain gaps or obstacles in their path. This phenomenon is widely used in various fields, including optics, acoustics, and even in our daily lives.

For instance, when light passes through a narrow slit, it diffracts and creates a pattern of bright and dark bands on the screen, which is commonly seen in projectors and televisions. This phenomenon is also used in microscopes and telescopes to magnify objects and see details that are otherwise invisible to the naked eye.

Similarly, sound waves diffract when they pass through certain gaps or baffles, creating standing wave patterns that can be used in loudspeakers and microphones to direct sound towards specific directions or cancel out certain frequencies, resulting in improved sound quality and directionality.

Moreover, diffraction is also used in optical instruments such as interferometers and gratings to measure very small distances and create precise patterns, respectively. In addition, diffraction patterns can also be used as art forms in various displays and visual effects in movies and music videos.

In conclusion, diffraction is a fascinating phenomenon that plays an essential role in various fields of science and technology, and it is constantly being applied and developed to improve our lives and understanding of the world around us.