flinched

flinched的音标为[ˈflɪŋtʃt] ，基本翻译为“畏缩，退缩”，速记技巧为：fl-看作“freeze”（意为“冻结”）。记住这个单词可以联想到“害怕”的情绪。

flinch的英文词源为拉丁语flangere，意为“颤抖，退缩”。flinch的变化形式有过去式flinched，过去分词flinched，现在分词flinching，以及形容词形式flinchy。

相关单词：flinch的近义词hesitate也含有退缩的意思，其英文词源也是源自拉丁语。hesitate的词源和flinch一样，都来自于拉丁语的flangere，不过它的意思是“犹豫，迟疑”，这也反映了人们在面对挑战或困难时的退缩心理。此外，相关单词还有shrink，意为“收缩”，其词源也与flinch有关联。shrink的英文词源为scrunch，意为“压扁、压紧”，与flinch的词源一样都来自于拉丁语flangere，但它的意思却与退缩无关。

总的来说，flinch作为动词表示退缩、畏缩不前，作为形容词表示容易退缩的。它的变化形式和相关单词都反映了其词源和含义之间的密切关系。同时，这些单词也反映了英语单词的多样性和变化性。

常用短语：

1. flinch from (v.)

2. flinch back (v.)

3. shrink from (v.)

4. tremble in fear (v.)

5. cringe (v.)

6. cower (v.)

7. quake in fear (v.)

例句：

1. She flinched at the sight of the snake.

2. The child flinched back at the sudden noise.

3. He shrunk from the responsibility of leadership.

4. She trembled in fear at the thought of facing the judge.

5. He cringed at the thought of having to apologize to her.

6. The dog cowered at the sight of the stranger.

7. She quaked in fear at the thought of going back to the scene of the accident.

英文小作文：

When I think back on that moment, my heart still pounds with fear and dread. I remember how I trembled in my seat, unable to look up from my feet, as I waited for the punishment to be handed out. But now, I realize that it was only a moment in time, and that I have grown stronger and more resilient through it all. I am no longer the same person who trembled in fear, but a brave and confident woman who knows that she can face anything with courage and determination.