by now

by now的音标是[baɪ nʊw]，基本翻译为“到目前为止，迄今为止”。速记技巧是：由by+now组成，by是介词，now是副词，组合使用表示时间的范围。

By now这个词的词源可以追溯到古英语by-now，它是由by（在旁边）+ now（现在）组成的，表示“现在”的意思。

By now的变化形式主要有复数形式by nows，现在分词by-nowing，过去式和过去分词by-nowed。

相关单词有：now，nowadays，noon，new，next，modern，previous，latter，subsequent等。这些单词都与时间、位置、新旧、顺序等概念有关，与by now有着密切的联系。例如，now表示现在，nowadays表示现在（通常），new表示新的，next表示下一个等。这些单词在英语中广泛应用，是英语词汇的重要组成部分。

总之，By now作为时间副词，表示“到现在为止”，其词源和变化形式以及相关单词都与时间和现在的概念有关。

常用短语：

1. by now 现在

2. up to now 到目前为止

3. as of now 从现在开始

4. until now 到目前为止

5. now and then 时而

6. from now on 今后

7. in the meantime 与此同时

例句：

1. I hope to have a chance to work in a big company by now. (我希望现在能有机会在一家大公司工作。)

2. Up to now, I have learned a lot of new skills in this internship program. (到目前为止，我在这个实习项目中已经学到了很多新的技能。)

3. As of now, I am planning to start my own business in the future. (我现在计划将来自己创业。)

4. Until now, I have been trying to improve my English skills through reading and speaking practice. (到目前为止，我一直通过阅读和口语练习来提高我的英语技能。)

5. Now and then, I like to go for a walk in the park to clear my mind. (时而我喜欢去公园散步以放松心情。)

6. From now on, I am committed to studying hard and achieving my goals. (今后，我决心努力学习，实现我的目标。)

7. In the meantime, we must prepare for the future and make sure we are ready for whatever comes our way. (与此同时，我们必须为未来做好准备，确保我们为任何可能发生的事情做好准备。)

英文小作文：

Now that summer vacation is coming to an end, I am looking forward to returning to school and starting a new semester. By now, I have learned a lot of new things during my vacation, but I am also eager to learn more and grow as a student. I hope to make some new friends and participate in various activities to enhance my skills and experience. Additionally, I am looking forward to the opportunity to work on group projects with my classmates, as it will provide me with valuable team-building experience. Overall, I am excited about the new challenges and opportunities that lie ahead and am confident that I will make progress and achieve my goals this semester.