by-law

by-law的音标是["baɪ, lɔː]。基本翻译是“地方法律，附属法律；违反法律的行为”。速记技巧是注意不要和“by law”混淆。

by-law的英文词源是by-，表示“副的，附加的”，加上law表示法律，因此by-law就是“附加的法律”的意思。

变化形式：复数形式为by-laws，过去式为by-lawed或by-layed，现在分词为by-laying。

相关单词：

1. shareholder：股东 - share是“份额”的意思，而by-law规定股东必须遵守公司的规则和规定，因此shareholder可以理解为“按照公司规定来持有股份的人”。

2. compliance：合规性 - compli是“遵守”的意思，ance表示性质或状态，因此compliance可以理解为“遵守规定的状态”。

3. regulation：规定 - regulate是“规范，调整”的意思，而by-law就是附加的法律规范。

4. subsidiary：附属公司 - subsidiary意为“附属的”，指的是一个公司通过法律程序成为另一个公司的附属公司，以便获得支持和保护。

5. by-product：副产品 - by-表示“副的”，product表示产品，因此副产品就是指在生产主要产品时产生的非主要但又是不可避免的产物。

by-law在英语中是一个常用的法律术语，涉及到公司治理、法规遵守等方面，对于理解英语法律文献和商业文献非常重要。

by-law:

1. by-laws of a company: 公司章程

2. violate by-laws: 违反规定

3. make by-laws: 制定规章制度

4. change by-laws: 修改规章制度

5. by-law officer: 法规官员

6. by-law department: 法规部门

7. by-law compliance: 法规遵守

例句：

1. The company has adopted strict by-laws to ensure fair competition among its members.

公司制定了严格的规章制度以确保成员之间的公平竞争。

2. The government has increased the fines for violating traffic by-laws.

政府提高了违反交通规章的罚款。

3. The board of directors must make and enforce by-laws to protect the interests of shareholders.

董事会必须制定并执行规章制度以保护股东的利益。

4. The city has changed its by-laws to allow more parking spaces for residents.

市政府修改了规章制度以允许为居民增加停车位。

5. The by-law officer is responsible for enforcing the city"s building regulations.

法规官员负责执行城市的建筑规章。

6. The by-law department is responsible for investigating and punishing illegal activities.

法规部门负责调查和惩罚违法行为。

7. We must comply with all the regulations in our workplace, including the company"s by-laws.

我们必须遵守工作场所的所有规定，包括公司的规章制度。

英文小作文：

The importance of by-laws in maintaining a healthy and fair work environment cannot be overstated. By-laws serve as a set of guidelines that help to ensure fairness and transparency in all aspects of work, from employee relations to safety regulations. They provide a framework for ensuring that everyone is treated equally and fairly, and that no individual is subject to unfair treatment or discrimination. By-laws also serve as a tool for preventing conflicts and disputes, and for maintaining a positive and harmonious work environment. In conclusion, by-laws are essential for maintaining a healthy and fair work environment, and everyone should be responsible for complying with them to ensure a positive and productive work culture.