costimulation

costimulation的音标为：[kəʊstɪ"sɪmjuːlɪtɪŋ] ，中文翻译为“协同刺激”。

速记技巧：可以尝试使用词根词缀进行记忆，其中“co”表示“共同”，“stimul”表示“刺激”，整体可以理解为“共同刺激”。

希望以上信息对您有帮助，具体请参考官方权威资料。

Costimulation 的英文词源是 costimulate，意为“（两个刺激物）同时发生作用”。这个词是由 cost（成本，费用）和 simulate（模拟）两个词组合而成，表示两个刺激因素同时发生作用。

costimulation 的变化形式是 -ation，这是一个常见的名词后缀，表示动作、状态或性质。

相关单词：

1. co-operation：合作，词源同 cooperation，表示共同行动。

2. simultaneous：同时的，词源同 simultaneous，表示同时发生。

3. stimulus：刺激，词源同 stimulus，表示刺激物。

4. reactivate：重新激活，词源同 reactivate，表示重新开始或恢复活动。

5. synergize：协同作用，词源同 synergize，表示共同作用。

6. complement：补足，词源同 complement，表示补充或完善。

7. counterstimulus：反刺激，词源同 counterstimulus，表示反刺激物。

8. costimulation therapy：成本刺激疗法，词源同 costimulation therapy，表示通过刺激成本来达到治疗目的的方法。

9. costimulation therapy for cancer：肿瘤的成本刺激疗法，词源同 costimulation therapy for cancer，表示针对肿瘤的治疗方法。

10. costimulation-based therapy：基于成本刺激的治疗方法，词源同 costimulation-based therapy，表示一种基于成本刺激原理的治疗方法。

常用短语：

1. costimulatory signal 协同刺激信号

2. costimulation blockade 协同刺激阻断

3. costimulatory receptor 协同刺激受体

4. costimulatory protein 协同刺激蛋白

5. costimulation molecule 协同刺激分子

6. costimulation signal blockade 协同刺激信号阻断

7. costimulation signal receptor 协同刺激信号受体

例句：

1. Blocking costimulation can enhance the immune response to vaccination. 阻断协同刺激可以增强疫苗接种的免疫反应。

2. The presence of costimulatory molecules on T cells is crucial for effective immune responses. T细胞上的协同刺激分子对于有效的免疫反应至关重要。

3. The interaction between the costimulatory receptor and its ligand plays a crucial role in immune regulation. 协同刺激受体与其配体之间的相互作用在免疫调节中起着至关重要的作用。

4. Costimulation blockade has been used to treat autoimmune diseases with success. 协同刺激阻断已被成功用于治疗自身免疫性疾病。

5. Understanding the role of costimulation in immune regulation is crucial for the development of new therapeutic strategies. 理解协同刺激在免疫调节中的作用对于开发新的治疗策略至关重要。

6. The presence of costimulatory proteins on tumor cells can enhance the immune response to cancer treatment. 肿瘤细胞上协同刺激蛋白的存在可以增强免疫对癌症治疗的反应。

7. The immune system needs costimulation to function properly, but too much can lead to autoimmune diseases. 免疫系统需要协同刺激才能正常运作，但过多会导致自身免疫性疾病。

英文小作文：

The immune system is a complex network of cells and proteins that protects us from infections and diseases. One of the key components of the immune response is the interaction between T cells and B cells, which requires costimulatory signals for full activation. However, too much or too little costimulation can lead to problems, such as autoimmune diseases or weakened immune responses, respectively.

Understanding the role of costimulation has opened up new avenues for therapeutic interventions, with blockades being used to enhance the immune response to vaccination and treat autoimmune diseases with success. At the same time, the presence of costimulatory proteins on tumor cells can enhance the immune response to cancer treatment, indicating that manipulating this process could lead to new therapeutic strategies for fighting cancer.

Overall, the role of costimulation in immune regulation is crucial and understanding it better could lead to more effective and targeted treatments for a wide range of diseases and conditions.