endoplasmic

endoplasmic的音标为[ɪnˈdepəslɪmɪk]，基本翻译为“内质网”，速记技巧为“内质网，质网内”。

Endoplasmic的词源：

- 词源：该词源于生物学，来自希腊语词根“endo”，意为“内部”，以及“plasme”，意为“浆状物”。因此，这个词整体的含义是“内部浆状物”。

变化形式：无特殊变化形式。

相关单词：

- Endoplasmic Reticulum（内质网）：内质网是一种细胞器，参与蛋白质合成和修饰的加工。

- ER（内质网）：常用于医学和生物学中，表示内质网。

- Secretory Pathway（分泌途径）：内质网和细胞膜之间的分泌途径涉及到蛋白质的运输和修饰。

- Golgi Apparatus（高尔基体）：高尔基体是一种细胞器，与内质网和溶酶体一起参与蛋白质的修饰和分类。

- Endoplasmic Reticulum-Golgi Apparatus（内质网-高尔基体复合体）：这个复合体涉及到蛋白质的合成、修饰和分类，是细胞内重要的蛋白质加工中心。

- Lysosome（溶酶体）：溶酶体是一种细胞器，含有多种水解酶，用于分解衰老或错误折叠的蛋白质。

- Endo（内）：表示内部的意思，常用于描述与内部结构或过程相关的词汇。

- Proteolysis（蛋白质降解）：这个词表示蛋白质的分解过程，与内质网和溶酶体有关。

- Misfolded Protein（错误折叠的蛋白质）：错误折叠的蛋白质在内质网和溶酶体中会被识别和降解，这个词与内质网的功能有关。

常用短语：

1. endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress

2. Golgi apparatus

3. secretory pathway

4. protein folding

5. protein transport

6. autophagy

7. endocytosis

8. membrane fusion

双语例句：

1. ER stress is a common feature of many diseases, including diabetes and neurodegeneration. (许多疾病都存在ER应激，包括糖尿病和神经退行性疾病。)

2. The secretory pathway is crucial for the transport of proteins from the cell surface to their final destination. (分泌途径对于从细胞表面到最终目的地的蛋白质运输至关重要。)

3. Protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum is a complex process that requires precise regulation. (内质网中的蛋白质折叠是一个复杂的过程，需要精确的调节。)

4. Autophagy is a crucial cellular process that eliminates damaged or unnecessary organelles. (自噬是一种细胞过程，它能够消除受损或不必要的细胞器。)

5. Membrane fusion is a key event in the secretory pathway, allowing for the transport of proteins across cell membranes. (膜融合是分泌途径中的一个关键事件，它允许蛋白质穿过细胞膜进行运输。)

6. Endocytosis is a process by which cells take up materials from their environment, such as bacteria or particles. (内吞作用是细胞从环境中摄取物质的过程，例如细菌或颗粒。)

7. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for the final modification and sorting of proteins before they are sent to their final destination in the cell. (高尔基体负责在蛋白质被送到细胞最终目的地之前对其进行最终修饰和分类。)

英文小作文：

Endoplasmic Reticulum: The Central Processing Plant of Cells

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a crucial organelle in cells that performs numerous essential functions, including protein folding, lipid synthesis, and calcium storage. It is also a hub of activity for various cellular processes, such as autophagy and endocytosis, making it a key player in maintaining cellular homeostasis.

The ER is constantly bombarded by various signals and stresses that can disrupt its function, leading to various diseases such as diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disorders. Understanding the role of the ER in these diseases and how it can be modulated to improve cellular function holds great promise for the development of new therapeutic strategies.

Moreover, the ER is also involved in the secretory pathway, a complex network of transport and sorting mechanisms that allows cells to send proteins to their final destination throughout the body. Understanding how the ER functions in this pathway and how it can be altered to enhance protein transport holds great potential for the development of new therapeutic approaches to diseases such as neurodegeneration and diabetes.