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dog的音标是[dɒg]，基本翻译是狗。速记技巧是利用字母组合记忆法来记忆单词。

Dog的英文词源：

Dog这个词源自原始日耳曼语dugonjaz，意为“追踪者”或“守护者”。

变化形式：

1. Dog的名词形式有：dog（狗）、hound（猎犬）、mongrel（混种犬）等。

2. Dog的形容词形式有：doglike（似狗的）等。

相关单词：

1. mongrel：混血儿，杂种动物，含有贬义，也可表示品种不纯但忠诚、可爱的狗。例句：“He"s a mongrel, but he"s a good dog.”（他是一条杂种狗，但他是一条好狗）。

2. hound：猎犬，追猎物的小型犬类，也可指“追踪、追查某人”。例句：“The hound of the law was upon him.”（法律之犬已经追到了他的身后）。

3. canine：犬科的，犬齿的，也可指“狗的”或“似狗的”。例句：“The canine teeth of the wolf are long and sharp.”（狼的犬齿又长又锋利）。

4. dogged：顽强的，不屈不挠的，也可表示“狗一样的”或“忠诚的”。例句：“He is dogged about his work.”（他对工作非常勤奋）。

5. watchdog：看门狗，监视者，也可指“警惕性高的人”。例句：“He is a watchdog on the company"s finances.”（他是公司财务的监督者）。

以上单词都与dog这个词有着密切的联系，并且可以用来形容不同情境下的狗的特点和行为。Dog这个词在英语中有着丰富的文化内涵和象征意义。

常用短语：

1. Look for a dog

2. Take a dog for a walk

3. Feed a dog

4. Brush a dog"s hair

5. Play with a dog

6. Take a dog for a run

7. Love a dog

例句：

1. I"m looking for a cute little puppy to take home.

2. My dog loves to take walks in the park.

3. I feed my dog every day and brush its hair regularly.

4. My friend and I play with our dogs every night.

5. I took my dog for a run in the park and she loved it!

6. I love my dog, he"s my best friend.

英文小作文：

My Best Friend - My dog, Spot, is my best friend. He accompanies me everywhere I go and we have so much fun together. He loves to play with my ball and run around the yard. He also likes to cuddle with me on the couch when I come home from work. Spot is always there for me, whether I"m feeling down or just need a friend to play with. He"s my best friend and I couldn"t imagine my life without him.