dynorphin

dynorphin的音标是["daɪnəʊfɪn]。基本翻译是“多纳芬”。速记技巧可以是：di-no-fen，谐音记忆为“地诺芬”（即“地点”+“药物”+“芬芳”）。

Dynorphin是一个合成词，由“dun”和“orphin”两个词根组成。“Dun”可能源自中世纪英语中的“dungeon”，意为“地牢”或“监狱”，暗示着一种与束缚、囚禁相关的含义。“orphin”则可能源自拉丁语的“orphus”，意为“孤儿”。结合起来，dynorphin可能意味着一种与束缚、囚禁的孤儿相关的物质。

dynorphin的变化形式包括其过去式和过去分词。其过去式是“dynorphised”或“dyrorphised”，而其过去分词则是“dynorphized”或“dyrorphized”。

相关单词：

1. morphine（吗啡）- 一种与dynorphin相关的药物，具有与dynorphin相似的镇痛效果，但也有较强的副作用。

2. opiate（阿片类药物）- 包括吗啡在内的一类天然或合成药物，具有镇痛作用，与dynorphin有相似的作用机制。

3. agonism（激动作用）- 指药物对受体的激活作用，吗啡和dynorphin等阿片类药物对μ受体具有激动作用。

4. antagonism（拮抗作用）- 与激动作用相反，抗阿片类药物可以拮抗阿片类药物的作用，减少其副作用。

5. receptor（受体）- 指药物与其结合的位点，μ受体与吗啡和dynorphin等阿片类药物的镇痛作用有关。

6. analgesia（镇痛）- 指疼痛缓解，吗啡和dynorphin等阿片类药物具有镇痛作用。

7. euphoria（欣快感）- 阿片类药物使用后可能出现的一种愉悦感，但长期使用可能导致耐受和依赖。

8. withdrawal（戒断症状）- 阿片类药物依赖者停用药物后可能出现的一系列症状，与神经内分泌变化有关。

9. addictive（成瘾性）- 指药物对个体的吸引力，阿片类药物具有成瘾性，使用后可能导致上瘾。

10. tolerance（耐受性）- 指个体对药物的需求量逐渐增加以获得相同的效果，长期使用阿片类药物可能导致耐受性。

常用短语：

1. dynorphin production

2. dynorphin receptor

3. dynorphin-like peptides

4. dynorphin-like immunoreactivity

5. dynorphinergic system

6. dynorphin-induced effects

7. dynorphin-mediated signaling

例句：

1. The opioid system is known to regulate the release of dynorphin, which in turn regulates pain perception.

2. Increased levels of dynorphin have been linked to depression and anxiety disorders.

3. Dynorphin plays a crucial role in the regulation of sleep-wake cycles.

4. The presence of dynorphin in the brain is associated with the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse.

5. The role of dynorphin in the modulation of stress responses is becoming increasingly apparent.

6. Understanding the role of dynorphin in the brain may lead to new therapeutic strategies for addiction disorders.

7. The interaction between dynorphin and its receptor has been shown to regulate feeding behavior.

英文小作文：

Dynorphin is a key peptide that plays a crucial role in the regulation of numerous physiological processes, including pain perception, sleep-wake cycles, reward responses, stress responses, and feeding behavior. However, its precise role and function in the brain remain elusive, and further research is needed to fully understand its potential as a therapeutic target for various diseases and disorders. Understanding the role of dynorphin in addiction disorders may lead to new therapeutic strategies that target this peptide to alleviate the debilitating symptoms associated with addiction. In addition, the interaction between dynorphin and its receptor may provide new insights into the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders, as well as other neuropsychiatric conditions that are characterized by dysregulation of the opioid system. Understanding the role of dynorphin in addiction and its interactions with other neurotransmitters and signaling systems will undoubtedly contribute to our understanding of the complex neurobiology of addiction and facilitate the development of more effective treatment strategies for this debilitating condition.