extenuated

extenuated的音标为[ɪkˈstenjueɪtɪd]，基本翻译为“减轻的；削弱的；辩解的”，速记技巧为：“exten”表示“延长”，“u”表示“无”，“ated”表示“有…的”。可以理解为：延长无罪责的时间，从而减轻或辩解。

extenuated这个词的词源可以追溯到拉丁语，意为“削弱，减轻”。它的变化形式主要有过去式extenuated，现在分词extenuated，和过去分词extenuated。

相关单词：

1. extenuating：adj. 减轻罪过的，辩解的；v. 减轻（extenuate的现在分词）

2. extenuating circumstances：辩解的情况，开脱的理由

3. extenuating factors：减轻因素，辩解因素

具体解释为：这些因素有助于说明某人的行为并非完全出于恶意或犯罪，而是出于某种可以理解的情境或压力之下。这些因素可以减轻行为的严重性，提供某种程度的辩解或理解。

例如，在法庭上，辩护律师可能会提出一些extenuating circumstances来为被告开脱。这个词的使用在英语中非常普遍，而且经常出现在法律、文学和日常对话中。

常用短语：

1. extenuating circumstances 辩解的情节

2. extenuate the situation 缓和局面

3. extenuating circumstances in a case 案情中的辩解情节

4. extenuating circumstances for a crime 对犯罪的辩解情况

5. extenuating circumstances for a person 对某人的辩解情况

6. extenuating circumstances in a person"s character 某人的辩解性格

7. extenuating circumstances in a person"s behavior 某人的辩解行为

例句：

1. The judge considered the extenuating circumstances of the accused and decided to give him a reduced sentence. 法官考虑了被告辩解的情节，并决定给他减刑。

2. The company"s poor performance was partially extenuated by the fact that they had been hit by a series of unexpected events. 公司的业绩不佳部分是由于一系列意外事件的发生所导致的。

3. The fact that he was drunk at the time of the accident is an extenuating circumstance that should be taken into account when sentencing him. 在事故发生时他喝醉了，这是在判决他时应考虑的一个辩解情节。

英文小作文：

When it comes to extenuating circumstances, we often think of situations where someone has committed a wrongdoing but there are reasons for their actions that can be explained or justified. These reasons may be personal, emotional, or even physical, but they can help us understand why someone did what they did.

In my opinion, we should always try to understand the reasons behind someone"s actions, even if we disagree with them or think they are unacceptable. This approach can help us to be more tolerant and compassionate towards others, and can also help us to avoid judging or condemning others too quickly.

However, we should always remember that extenuating circumstances do not excuse someone from responsibility for their actions. They can only help us to understand why someone did what they did, but they do not change the fact that they committed a wrongdoing. Therefore, we should always strive to be responsible and accountable for our actions, even if we believe that extenuating circumstances exist.