extranuclear

extranuclear的音标为[ˌekstrəˈnjuːklɪə(r)]，基本翻译为“核外的”，速记技巧为：核外的（extranuclear）在细胞核外。

Extranuclear这个词来源于拉丁语“extra”和“nucleus”，意为“超出核的”。它的变化形式包括复数“extranuclei”和过去式、过去分词“extranuclearized”以及现在分词“extranuclear”。

相关单词：

1. extranuclear particles（核外粒子）：指在原子核之外的粒子，如电子、质子和中子。

2. extranuclear fusion（核外融合）：指在核外发生的融合反应，通常用于描述恒星内部的能量产生过程。

3. extranuclear protein（核外蛋白质）：指存在于细胞质中的蛋白质，与细胞核功能无直接关系。

4. extranuclear organelle（核外细胞器）：指存在于细胞质中的细胞器，与细胞核功能无直接关系，但具有特定的生物学功能。

5. extranuclear DNA（核外DNA）：指存在于细胞质中的DNA，与细胞核DNA有不同的遗传信息。

以上这些单词都与extranuclear这个词密切相关，它们涵盖了生物学、物理学和化学等多个领域。这些单词的出现和发展，反映了科学技术的不断进步和人们对自然界的深入理解。

短语：

1. extranuclear particles

2. extranuclear location

3. extranuclear membrane

4. extranuclear protein

5. extranuclear DNA

6. extranuclear organelles

7. extranuclear transport

例句：

1. The protein is located in extranuclear membranes of the cell.

2. The DNA is found in extranuclear organelles of the cell.

3. The transport of the substance is controlled at extranuclear levels.

4. The cell has a complex system of extranuclear proteins that regulate its function.

5. The cell"s extranuclear environment is crucial for its survival and growth.

6. Understanding the role of extranuclear factors in disease is critical for developing effective treatment strategies.

英文小作文：

Extranuclear Components and Their Role in Cell Function

Cell function is a complex process that involves numerous components beyond the nuclear DNA and RNA. Extranuclear components, such as proteins, lipids, and organelles, play crucial roles in regulating cell growth, division, and differentiation. These extranuclear components are located in membranes, organelles, and other subcellular structures and are responsible for transporting materials between different parts of the cell and communicating with the nucleus. Understanding these components and their interactions with each other and with nuclear factors is essential for developing effective treatment strategies for diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration.