castigate

castigate的音标为[ˈkæstɪɡeɪt] ，基本翻译为“惩罚，责罚；申斥，训斥”，速记技巧为：cast（投掷）+igate（有…特性的）→投掷出去→惩罚。

castigate的英文词源：

词根：castigate

词源：动词词根“castigate”来自拉丁语“castigare”，意为“严惩，严厉处罚”。

变化形式：

过去式：castigated

过去分词：castigated

现在分词：castigating

第三人称单数：castigates

复数：castigate

副词：castigatingly

相关单词：

1. punish：惩罚，处罚。与castigate同源，都表示严厉的处罚。例句：“He was punished severely for his mistakes.”（他因错误受到了严厉的惩罚。）

2. reprimand：谴责，训斥。与castigate同源，都表示对某人进行严厉的批评或谴责。例句：“The boss gave a stern reprimand to the employee for his poor performance.”（老板对员工糟糕的表现进行了严厉的谴责。）

3. chastise：惩罚，鞭挞。这个词来源于法语，与castigate同源，都表示对某人进行严厉的惩罚或鞭挞。例句：“The teacher chastised the student for his poor academic performance.”（老师因为学生糟糕的学业表现而对他进行了惩罚。）

4. exact：要求，要求赔偿。这个词与castigate同源，都表示要求某人履行某种义务或赔偿损失。例句：“The company exacted a fine from the supplier for delayed delivery.”（公司因供应商延迟交货而要求对方支付罚款。）

5. scold：责骂，训斥。这个词来源于古英语，与castigate同源，都表示对某人进行严厉的责备或训斥。例句：“She scolded her child for not doing his homework on time.”（她因为孩子没有按时完成作业而责骂了他。）

6. punishment：处罚，惩罚。这个词与castigate同源，都表示对某人施加的严厉处罚或惩罚。例句：“The teacher gave the student a severe punishment for cheating on the exam.”（老师因为学生考试作弊而给予了他严厉的处罚。）

7. reproach：责备，谴责。这个词来源于拉丁语，与castigate同源，都表示对某人进行严厉的责备或谴责。例句：“He was reproached for his irresponsible behavior.”（他因为自己的不负责任的行为而被谴责。）

8. chastisement：惩罚，鞭挞。这个词来源于法语，与castigate同源，都表示对某人进行的严厉惩罚或鞭挞。例句：“The teacher gave the student a public chastisement for his bad behavior.”（老师因为学生的不良行为而对他进行了公开的惩罚。）

9. rebuke：谴责，指责。这个词来源于拉丁语，与castigate同源，都表示对某人进行严厉的指责或谴责。例句：“The company rebuked the employee for his misconduct.”（公司因员工的不当行为而对他进行了谴责。）

10. excoriate：痛斥，指责。这个词来源于拉丁语，与castigate同源，都表示对某人进行严厉的指责或痛斥。例句：“The journalist excoriated the politician for his corruption.”（记者因政客的腐败行为对他进行了痛斥。）

常用短语：

1. castigate oneself 自我责备

2. castigate sb for sth 因某事惩罚某人

3. castigate sb 惩罚某人

4. be condemned and castigate 谴责和惩罚

5. castigate sb severely 严厉惩罚某人

6. castigate sb for their mistakes 因错误惩罚某人

7. castigate the government for their actions 对政府的作为进行谴责和惩罚

双语例句：

1. He castigated himself for his mistakes and vowed to improve.

他因自己的错误而自我责备，发誓要改进。

2. The government was condemned and castigated for its failure to provide basic services to the people.

政府因未能为人民提供基本服务而受到谴责和惩罚。

3. They were castigated for their actions, but refused to admit any wrongdoing.

他们因行为受到谴责，但拒绝承认有任何错误。

英文小作文：

When we make mistakes, we need to be willing to take responsibility for them and be condemned and castigated by others. However, we should not let this discourage us from trying our best to improve and learn from our mistakes. Instead, we should use this as an opportunity to learn from our mistakes and become better people. In this way, we can avoid making the same mistakes again and again and become more successful in our life.