hydronephrosis

hydronephrosis的音标为[ˌhaɪdrəʊneɪfəˈrəʊsɪs]，基本翻译为“肾积水”，速记技巧为“hy”为“水”的缩写，“dr”为“肾”的缩写。

Hydronephrosis这个词源自希腊语，意为“肾积水”。它的变化形式包括名词形式如“hydronephrotic”和形容词形式如“hydronephrotic”。

相关单词：

1. Nephrology：肾病学 - 这个词由nephron（肾脏）和logy（学科）组成，是研究肾脏疾病和功能的学科。

2. Kidney：肾脏 - 这是一个常见的词汇，表示人体的一个重要器官，负责过滤血液和排除废物。

3. Ureter：输尿管 - 这是连接肾脏和膀胱的管道，负责输送尿液。

4. Calculus：结石 - 这个词源自拉丁语，通常指在泌尿系统中的矿物质沉积。

5. Nephrectomy：肾切除术 - 这是一个外科手术，用于移除肾脏。

6. Nephrotoxicity：肾毒性 - 这是一个化学或药物对肾脏的损害作用。

7. Nephritis：肾炎 - 这是肾脏的炎症，通常由感染或其他因素引起。

8. Nephropathy：肾病变 - 这是一种疾病或损伤，影响肾脏的功能。

9. Nephrologist：肾病学家 - 这是专门研究肾病和相关疾病的医生。

10. Renal：肾的 - 这个词来自拉丁语，通常用于描述与肾脏相关的主题。

以上单词都与hydronephrosis这个词有直接或间接的联系，涵盖了肾脏、输尿管、结石、手术、炎症、毒性和相关医学术语。

短语：

1. hydronephrosis of the left kidney

2. bilateral hydronephrosis

3. unilateral hydronephrosis

4. chronic hydronephrosis

5. acute hydronephrosis

6. congenital hydronephrosis

7. secondary hydronephrosis

例句：

1. He was diagnosed with unilateral hydronephrosis after undergoing a series of tests.

2. She complained of pain in her left side and was found to have bilateral hydronephrosis during a physical exam.

3. The patient"s chronic hydronephrosis led to frequent urinary tract infections.

4. The child"s acute hydronephrosis required immediate surgery.

5. Congenital hydronephrosis is a common condition that can be easily treated with surgery.

6. Secondary hydronephrosis is often caused by infection or trauma and can be managed with medication or surgery.

英文小作文：

Hydronephrosis is a condition where the kidneys are unable to properly drain urine from the body, causing buildup of urine in the kidneys and surrounding tissues. It can be caused by various factors, including congenital abnormalities, infection, trauma, and other conditions. If left untreated, hydronephrosis can lead to serious complications such as infection, kidney failure, and even death. However, with early detection and treatment, hydronephrosis can be managed effectively and prevent further complications. It is important to seek medical attention promptly if you experience symptoms such as pain, increased frequency or urgency of urination, or blood in the urine, which could indicate the presence of hydronephrosis.