dystonia

dystonia的音标为：[ˈdɪstəniə] ，基本翻译为“肌张力障碍”，速记技巧为：肌张肌僵（dystonia）乱动。

Dystonia的英文词源可以追溯到古希腊语中的“dys” (意思是“坏”或“不协调”) 和“tonis” (意思是“紧张”或“僵硬”)。这个词在古希腊和中世纪医学文献中常被用来描述肌肉的异常紧张和不规则运动。

变化形式：复数形式为dystonias，副词形式为dystonically。

相关单词：

1. tremor (颤抖)：虽然颤抖和dystonia都与肌肉不规则运动有关，但tremor更常用来描述轻微、不自主的肌肉抖动，而dystonia则更常指严重的、持续的肌肉异常运动。

2. spasms (痉挛)：spasms和dystonia都与肌肉的突然、强烈收缩有关，但spasms通常更短暂且可以由外部刺激触发。

3. athetosis (肌肉无节律运动)：这个词用来描述一种更广泛的肌肉不规则运动，包括但不限于dystonia的症状。

4. torticollis (扭转性痉挛)：扭转性痉挛是一种特定的dystonia，表现为颈部肌肉的持续、不自主的扭转。

5. gymnastics (体操)：这个词源自希腊语中的“gymnazeomai”，意为“裸体站立”，与肌肉运动和姿势调整有关，与dystonia并无直接关联。

6. dystonia tremor and rigidity (舞蹈病、震颤和僵直)：这是一个用于描述一组相关症状的术语，包括dystonia、震颤和僵直。

7. dystonic tremor (肌张力障碍性震颤)：这是一个特定的术语，用于描述一种与dystonia相关的震颤。

8. dystonic spasmodic torticollis (肌张力障碍性扭转痉挛)：这个词描述了一种特定的dystonia症状，即扭转痉挛。

9. dystonia parkinsonism and akathisia (舞蹈症、帕金森症和静坐不能)：这是一个用于描述一组相关症状的术语，包括dystonia、帕金森症和静坐不能。

10. dystonia myoclonus (肌张力障碍性和肌阵挛性)：这个词描述了两种不同的肌肉不规则运动，包括肌张力障碍性和肌阵挛性痉挛。

dystonia常用短语：

1. dystonia of the hand 手部肌张力障碍

2. dystonia of the face 面肌张力障碍

3. dystonia of the neck 颈肌张力障碍

4. dystonia with oculomotor abnormalities 伴有眼运动异常的肌张力障碍

5. dystonia with vocal cord involvement 伴有声带受累的肌张力障碍

6. secondary dystonia 二级肌张力障碍

7. primary dystonia 原发性肌张力障碍

双语例句：

1. She had a severe case of cervical dystonia that caused her to writhe in pain.

她患上了严重的颈肌张力障碍，导致她痛苦地扭动。

2. He had developed a dystonia of the hand that caused him to clench his fist tightly whenever he was nervous.

他手部的肌张力障碍在紧张时就会使他紧握拳头。

3. She had been experiencing dystonia of the face for years, making it difficult for her to smile or even to speak coherently.

她多年来一直患有面肌张力障碍，这使得她难以微笑，甚至难以连贯地说话。

4. The patient had developed secondary dystonia after a stroke, causing him to involuntarily twitch and jerk his limbs.

该患者在中风后出现了二级肌张力障碍，导致他的四肢不自主地抽搐和抖动。

5. The child had primary dystonia that made it difficult for her to control her hands and arms, causing her to frequently drop things and stumble while walking.

这个孩子患有原发性肌张力障碍，使得她难以控制自己的手和手臂，导致她经常掉东西，走路时也容易跌倒。

6. Dystonia can be debilitating and can affect people of all ages, from children to elderly individuals.

肌张力障碍可以使人感到虚弱，并且可以影响不同年龄的人，从儿童到老年人。

7. Dystonia is a neurological disorder that can be very painful and debilitating, affecting individuals differently depending on their symptoms and severity.

肌张力障碍是一种神经性疾病，可以非常痛苦和使人衰弱，对个体的影响因症状和严重程度而异。

英文小作文：

My life has been filled with challenges since I was diagnosed with dystonia, a neurological disorder that causes involuntary muscle movements. Although it can be frustrating and debilitating at times, I have learned to accept it as a part of myself and work to manage my symptoms through therapy and medication. Dystonia has taught me to appreciate the small moments of normalcy, like walking down the street or eating a meal with family and friends. It has also taught me to be patient with myself and not to judge others who may not understand my condition. Although dystonia has taken away some of my abilities, it has given me an appreciation for life and an understanding of the fragility of our bodies and minds. I am reminded every day that life is full of unexpected twists and turns, but with persistence and resilience, we can overcome any obstacle.