externality

externality的音标为[ɪkˈstɜːnəslɪti]，基本翻译为“外部性；外观；外力；外貌”，速记技巧为“外（external）性（ality）”。

Externality这个词的英文词源可以追溯到拉丁语和希腊语，意为“外部的，外在的”。它的变化形式包括External, Exterior, Extrinsic等。

相关单词：

Externality：外部性，指一种经济活动对其他经济实体的影响，可能是正面的（例如，环保活动对环境的正面影响），也可能是负面的（例如，污染对环境的负面影响）。

Exposure：暴露，接触，指接触到外部环境或事物的情况。

Exterior：外部的，外表的，指与内部相对的物体或环境的表面。

Externalism：外部主义，一种哲学观点，认为某些事物或行为的影响超出了其直接涉及的个体或实体。

Extrinsic：外在的，非本质的，指与内在因素或本质无关的因素或影响。

Excess：过量，过剩，指超过需要的部分，通常与外部因素相关。

ExternalPressure：外部压力，指来自外部环境或力量的压力或影响。

ExternalityCost：外部性成本，指由于外部因素导致的额外成本或损失。

ExternalityBenefit：外部性利益，指由于外部因素而获得的额外收益或好处。

总的来说，Externality这个词反映了人类对外部环境影响的关注和思考，它不仅是一个经济学概念，也涉及到哲学、社会学等多个领域。

外部性（externality）常用短语：

1. positive externality 正外部性

2. negative externality 负外部性

3. externality effect 外部效应

4. externality cost 外部成本

5. externality theory 外部效应理论

6. externality impact 外部影响

7. externality risk 外部风险

双语例句：

1. Positive externality: The government"s investment in infrastructure has a positive impact on the economy. (正外部性：政府对基础设施的投资对经济有积极影响。)

2. Negative externality: Smoking has negative externality because it affects others around you. (负外部性：吸烟具有负外部性，因为它会影响你周围的他人。)

3. Externality cost: The company"s decision to cut costs by reducing safety measures has resulted in increased externality cost. (外部成本：公司通过减少安全措施来削减成本的决定导致外部成本增加。)

英文小作文：

The concept of externality is crucial in understanding the impact of various factors on society and economy. Positive externality refers to the benefits that arise from external factors that encourage growth and development, while negative externality refers to the costs or disadvantages that arise from factors that hinder growth and development. Externality can be seen in various aspects of life, such as environmental pollution caused by industrial activities, social conflicts arising from unequal distribution of resources, and healthcare costs incurred by the spread of diseases due to poor sanitation conditions.

In order to minimize the negative effects of externality, it is essential to recognize its existence and take measures to address it. For instance, governments can implement policies that encourage sustainable development and protect the environment, while companies can adopt sustainable production methods that minimize negative impacts on the environment and society. By doing so, we can create a more inclusive and sustainable society that benefits everyone.