confounder

confounder的音标是[kənˈfaʊndə(r)]，基本翻译是“混淆物；混淆因素”，速记技巧是：con-（共同）+found（发现）+er（物）→共同发现的物→混淆物。

Confounder这个词源自拉丁语confundere，意为“混淆，混杂”。它的变化形式包括confused（混乱的）、confounding（混淆的）和confound（使困惑）。

相关单词：

confusion：n. 混乱，困惑；混淆

muddle：v. 混淆，弄乱；n. 混淆，糊涂

perplex：v. 使困惑，使复杂化

baffle：v. 使困惑，使挫败

muddled：adj. 混乱的，糊涂的

bewilder：v. 使困惑，使迷惑

Confounder这个词在医学研究中常用作混淆变量或混杂因素，它指的是那些可能影响实验结果但与实验目的无关的因素。这个词的使用有助于强调在数据分析中处理这些因素的重要性。

confounder的常用短语：confounder effect，confounder variable，confounder interference

双语例句：

1. The presence of a confounder can significantly skew the results of a study.

2. It is important to control for potential confounders when conducting experiments.

3. The presence of multiple confounders can make it difficult to draw conclusions from a study.

4. It is essential to carefully assess potential confounders before designing a study.

5. The use of appropriate statistical methods can help to minimize the impact of confounders in a study.

6. It is crucial to avoid introducing potential confounders during data collection and analysis.

7. The presence of a confounder can lead to misleading conclusions about the relationship between two variables.

英文小作文：

Title: Understanding the Role of Confounders in Research

Confounders are variables that can influence the results of a study without being directly related to the research question. They can introduce bias and make it difficult to draw accurate conclusions. Understanding the role of confounders is essential for conducting reliable research.

In experiments, it is important to carefully assess potential confounders and take measures to control their impact. This can include using appropriate statistical methods, controlling for variables during data collection, and avoiding introducing potential confounders during data analysis.

Confounders can have a significant impact on research results, especially when they are not identified or addressed properly. Therefore, it is crucial to be aware of the role of confounders and take appropriate measures to minimize their impact on research findings.