hypothalamus

hypothalamus的音标为：[ˌhaɪpəˈθɑːməs] ，中文翻译为“下丘脑”。速记技巧为：下丘脑（hypothalamus）是大脑中的“内分泌之首”（first in，first served）。

Hypothalamus（下丘脑）这个词源于希腊语，意为“在门道之下”。它的主要功能是调节身体的内分泌系统，包括控制饥饿、口渴、睡眠、体温、血压等生理活动。

变化形式：在英语中，hypo-表示“在...下面”，而-thalamus是词干的后缀，表示“床”或“室”。

相关单词：

1. Hypothalamic Axis（下丘脑轴）：指下丘脑与垂体之间的神经内分泌通路，控制许多重要的生理过程。

2. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis（下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴）：控制应激反应和压力荷尔蒙的分泌。

3. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis（下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴）：控制生殖系统的发育和功能，包括月经周期、排卵和生育。

4. Hyperthyroidism（甲状腺亢进）：由于甲状腺激素分泌过多导致的一种疾病，常表现为代谢过快、失眠、情绪波动等。

5. Hypopituitarism（垂体功能减退）：由于各种原因导致垂体功能受损或丧失，可能影响生长发育、生殖系统和内分泌系统。

6. Hypothalamic Amenorrhea（下丘脑无排卵）：由于下丘脑调节排卵的机制出现问题，导致女性月经周期缩短或无排卵性月经。

7. Hypothalamic-Pineal Gland（下丘脑松果体）：松果体是内分泌腺，与下丘脑有密切关系，参与调节生物的生物钟和睡眠-觉醒周期。

8. Hypothalamic-Pineal-Melatonin Axis（下丘脑-松果体-褪黑素轴）：褪黑素是由松果体分泌的一种激素，调节生物的生物钟和睡眠-觉醒周期。

9. Hypothalamic-Leptin Axis（下丘脑利纳肽轴）：利纳肽是一种由脂肪细胞分泌的激素，通过下丘脑调节食欲和能量消耗。

10. Hypothalamic-Ghrelin Axis（下丘脑胃饥饿素轴）：胃饥饿素是一种由胃分泌的激素，通过下丘脑调节食欲和能量摄入。

以上这些词汇都与hypothalamus密切相关，反映了其调节身体生理活动的功能。

常用短语：

1. hypothalamus function

2. hypothalamus disorders

3. hypothalamus damage

4. hypothalamus control

5. hypothalamus regulation

6. hypothalamus hormone

7. hypothalamus stimulation

例句：

1. The hypothalamus controls our body"s internal clock, affecting our sleep patterns and energy levels.

2. Damage to the hypothalamus can lead to hormonal imbalances and other health problems.

3. Stimulating the hypothalamus can help regulate appetite and promote weight loss.

4. The hypothalamus regulates our body temperature, heart rate, and other vital functions.

5. Disruption of the hypothalamus"s hormone production can affect fertility and other reproductive functions.

6. Understanding the role of the hypothalamus in mood regulation could lead to new treatments for depression and anxiety.

7. The hypothalamus is a crucial part of the brain that controls many bodily functions, including sleep, appetite, and hormone production.

英文小作文：

The Hypothalamus: The Central Control of Body Functions

The hypothalamus, a small region in the center of the brain, is responsible for controlling many essential bodily functions, such as sleep, appetite, hormone production, and temperature regulation. It acts as a central command center, relaying messages to and from other parts of the brain and body, to ensure proper functioning of all systems.

When the hypothalamus is damaged or malfunctions, it can lead to a range of disorders and diseases, from hormonal imbalances to obesity to sleep disorders. Understanding the role of the hypothalamus in maintaining bodily health is crucial for developing effective treatments and preventing future problems.

Moreover, the hypothalamus is also involved in mood regulation and is thought to play a role in depression and anxiety disorders. Understanding this connection could lead to new and innovative treatments for these common mental health conditions.

Overall, the hypothalamus is a fascinating part of the human brain that plays a crucial role in maintaining bodily health and well-being. Understanding its functions and how it interacts with other parts of the brain and body is essential for developing better treatments and cures for various diseases and conditions.