confounds

confound的音标是[kənˈfaʊnd]，基本翻译是“混淆；使困惑；使惊奇”。速记技巧是将其拆分为音节，尽量记住每个音节，并尝试理解其含义。同时，多读多听多说有助于更好地记忆单词。

"confound"这个词的词源可以追溯到古英语，意为“混淆，搞乱”。它的词形变化形式主要包括复数形式"confounds"，过去式和过去分词形式"confounded"，以及现在分词形式"confounding"。

相关单词：

1. "confused" - 源自相同词源，意为“困惑的，糊涂的”，常与"confound"在语义上有一定的关联。

2. "confusing" - 与"confound"同源，表示“令人困惑的，难以理解的”。

3. "confutation" - 意为“反驳，驳斥”，与"confound"在语义上也有一定的联系。

4. "confusion" - 意为“混乱，困惑”，与"confound"在语义上有直接的关联。

5. "confederacy" - 意为“联盟，同盟”，与"confound"在词源和语义上没有直接的联系，但都与"con"（共同）有关。

6. "confederate" - 意为“联盟成员，同盟者”，与"confound"在语义上没有直接的联系，但都与"con"（共同）有关。

7. "confederacy of silence" - 意为“沉默的联盟”，与"confound"在语义上没有直接的联系，但都与沉默有关。

8. "confederate in crime" - 意为“参与犯罪”，与"confound"在语义上没有直接的联系，但都与犯罪有关。

9. "confederate in fraud" - 意为“参与欺诈”，与"confound"在语义上没有直接的联系，但都与欺诈有关。

10. "confederate in treason" - 意为“参与叛国”，与"confound"在语义上没有直接的联系，但都与叛国有关。

以上这些单词都与“混淆”这个主题相关，并且它们的词源都与“con”这个前缀有关，表示“共同”。

"Confounds" 是指在研究中可能影响结果准确性的各种因素。以下是8个常用的短语：

1. Exclusionary bias (排除偏见)

2. Hawthorne effect (霍桑效应)

3. Recall bias (回忆偏见)

4. Participant selection bias (参与者选择偏见)

5. Environmental confounder (环境混杂因素)

6. Mediator confounder (中介混杂因素)

7. Experimental confounder (实验混杂因素)

8. Statistical confounder (统计混杂因素)

以下是7个双语例句：

1. The study"s findings were confounded by the fact that participants were not randomly selected.

2. Exclusionary bias can lead to inaccurate results if not properly accounted for.

3. The Hawthorne effect reminds us that research participants may alter their behavior as a result of observation.

4. Recall bias can affect the accuracy of data collected, especially if participants are not reminded of the importance of accuracy.

5. Environmental confounders can influence outcomes in unexpected ways.

6. Mediator confounders can muddy the waters by introducing variables that may or may not be related to the outcome of interest.

7. Experimental confounders arise from unexpected factors that may affect the results of an experiment.

以下是一篇英文小作文：

Confounds in Research

Confounds can arise in any research project, and they can have a significant impact on the validity of the results. To avoid these confounds, it is essential to carefully consider all potential factors that could influence the outcomes of the study, and to account for them in the analysis and interpretation of the data. For example, in a study on the effects of exercise on weight loss, it is important to account for potential confounds such as changes in diet, levels of physical activity, and other variables that could affect the results. Understanding and managing these confounds is key to obtaining accurate and reliable results that can inform effective interventions and policies.