extenuation

extenuation的音标为[ɪkˈstenjʊeɪʃn]，意思是削弱、减轻。

速记技巧：可以通过词根词缀快速记忆单词。在这个单词中，我们可以看到前缀“ex-”表示“出”、“向外”，词根“tenu”表示“细”、“薄”，后缀“-ation”表示动作、状态。结合起来，单词的意思就可以理解为“使变薄、削弱”。

extenuation这个词的词源可以追溯到拉丁语，意为“削弱，减轻”。它的变化形式主要有名词和形容词两种，名词形式主要表示“减轻的理由，辩解”等含义，形容词形式主要表示“减轻的，减少的”等含义。

相关单词：

1. extenuating：adj. 减轻的，减少的；辩解的，开脱的。这个词可以用来形容某种情况或原因，使得原本看起来严重的事情变得不那么严重。

2. extenuating circumstances：减轻罪责的情况，辩解的理由。这个词常用于法律语境中，用来描述某种情况使得某人犯罪的行为看起来不那么严重。

3. extenuating evidence：辩解证据，开脱证据。这个词指的是用来证明某人行为并非出于恶意或犯罪意图的证据。

4. attenuate：v. 减弱，削弱；使变细，使变薄。这个词可以用来形容某种力量或影响被削弱或减少。

5. alleviate：v. 减轻，缓解。这个词可以用来形容某种痛苦、不适或负担被减轻或缓解。

6. mitigate：v. 减轻，缓和。这个词可以用来形容某种不利因素或后果被减轻或减少。

7. attenuative：adj. 减弱的，减轻的。这个词用来形容某种性质或特点使得某种情况变得不那么严重。

8. attenuator：n. 减弱剂，减轻因素。这个词指的是某种物质或方法，能够使得某种情况变得不那么严重或影响减小。

9. attenuating：adj. 减弱的，减轻的；辩解的。这个词可以作为形容词使用，表示某种情况或原因使得原本严重的事情变得不那么严重。

10. attenuating factor：减缓因素，减轻因素。这个词指的是某种因素或条件，能够使得某种情况变得不那么严重或影响减小。

常用短语：

1. extenuating circumstances

2. mitigate the blame

3. put the blame on sb

4. take the blame

5. absolve sb of blame

6. exonerate sb

7. wash one"s hands of blame

例句：

1. In this case, there are extenuating circumstances that should be taken into account.

2. We should mitigate the blame on the employee for making a mistake.

3. He took the blame for his mistake and didn"t try to shift responsibility to others.

4. The court exonerated the driver from blame for the accident.

5. We should not wash our hands of blame for our mistakes.

6. It is important to recognize and accept responsibility for our mistakes, rather than trying to extenuate them.

英文小作文：

When we make mistakes, it is natural to try to find reasons or extenuating circumstances to justify our actions. However, it is important to recognize that mistakes happen and we need to take responsibility for them. By accepting responsibility and apologizing sincerely, we can show that we are willing to learn from our mistakes and make amends. This can help us build trust and credibility with others, as well as develop better decision-making skills in the future. Therefore, rather than trying to extenuate our mistakes, it is better to accept responsibility and move forward with a positive attitude.