glycosyl

glycosyl的音标是[ˈɡlɪkəʊzɪl]，基本翻译是糖基。记忆技巧：glycosyl是糖基的英文翻译，其中glyco-表示“糖”。

Glycosyl这个词来源于希腊语词根glykos，意为“甜”或“糖”。这个词的主要变化形式是形容词glycosal，意为“糖的”或“含糖的”。

相关单词：

1. glycosylation（糖基化）：一种生物化学过程，涉及将糖连接到蛋白质或其他生物分子上。

2. glycosaminoglycan（糖胺聚糖）：一种重要的生物聚合物，广泛存在于细胞外基质中，具有多种生物功能。

3. glycogen（糖原）：一种储存形式的糖，主要存在于肝脏和肌肉中，用于在需要时快速提供能量。

4. glycolysis（糖酵解）：一个代谢过程，将葡萄糖分解为乳酸，是细胞能量生成的主要途径之一。

5. glycoside（糖苷）：一种由糖和另一种化合物（通常是生物碱或其他有机化合物）通过氧原子连接形成的化合物。

6. glyceryl（甘油）：一种有机化合物，是许多天然油脂和保湿剂的主要成分。

7. glycogenin（糖原合成酶）：一种酶，在糖原合成过程中起关键作用。

8. glycobiology（糖生物学）：一门研究糖在生命过程中的作用的学科。

9. glycans（糖分子）：包括单糖、寡糖、多糖等，是生物分子的重要组成部分。

10. glycosylation disorder（糖基化异常）：一种疾病，由于蛋白质在细胞内错误地糖基化而引起，与多种疾病有关。

以上这些单词都与“glycosyl”这个英文词源密切相关，涵盖了生物学、化学和医学等多个领域。

常用短语：

1. glycosylation

2. glycosyltransferase

3. glycosaminoglycan

4. O-glycosylation

5. N-glycosylation

6. sialylation

7. fucosylation

例句：

1. The protein glycosylation plays an important role in cell growth and differentiation.

2. Glycosyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of a sugar moiety to a protein or lipid.

3. Heparan sulfate is a kind of glycosaminoglycan that is widely distributed in tissues.

4. The N-glycosylation site of a protein is usually located in the amino acid sequence near the C-terminus.

5. Sialylation is an important modification of glycoproteins and glycolipids in the body.

6. Fucosylation is an essential process in the development and function of the immune system.

英文小作文：

Glycosylation is an essential process in cell biology, which involves the attachment of sugars to proteins and lipids. It plays a crucial role in many biological processes, such as cell signaling, growth, and differentiation. Glycosylation can occur on both the O-linkage and N-linkage of proteins, leading to various types of glycans, including glycosaminoglycans, fucosylation, sialylation, and O-glycosylation. These modifications provide cells with a rich source of information about their environment and allow them to adapt to changes in their microenvironment. Understanding glycosylation and its role in health and disease is becoming increasingly important for the development of new therapeutic strategies.