castigation

castigation的音标为[kæstɪˈgeɪʃn]，基本翻译为“惩罚；责备；申斥”。

速记技巧：可以将单词拆分记忆，cast（投掷）+ ig（e）(e)（动词词尾）+ ation（名词词尾）。可以将单词与相关词汇联想记忆，如“castigate sb for sth”，意为“因某事惩罚某人”。

Castigation的英文词源是拉丁语“castigare”，意为“严惩，惩罚”。其词根“castigare”中的“castigare”是由“castigare”演变而来，其中“casti”表示“惩罚”或“严厉”，而“ger”表示“做”。

变化形式：

1. 名词形式：castigation

2. 动词形式：castigate

相关单词：

1. flagellation：鞭打，鞭笞，鞭策

2. chastisement：惩罚，惩戒

3. punishment：惩罚，处罚

4. scourge：鞭子，拷打，祸患

5. chastity：贞操，纯洁，节制

6. reproof：谴责，责备，训斥

7. chastise：惩罚，处罚，谴责

8. rebuke：谴责，责备，训斥

9. mortification：耻辱，羞愧，抑制

10. chastening：惩戒，教诲，教训。

以上单词都与castigation有着密切的关联，它们在词源、词形和含义上都有一定的相似性。同时，这些单词也反映了人类社会对道德、伦理和行为规范的重视和追求。

常用短语：

1. castigate oneself 自我责备

2. be condemned for sth 因某事受谴责

3. be condemned to 注定

4. be punished severely 受到严厉惩罚

5. be condemned to do 被迫做某事

6. be condemned with 带有某种表情

7. be condemned to failure 注定失败

例句：

1. He was castigated for his carelessness in the exam.

2. She was condemned to failure in her career because of her irresponsibility.

3. He was condemned with a stern look by his boss.

4. She castigated herself for her irresponsibility.

5. They were condemned to a long imprisonment for their political views.

6. She was condemned to a life of loneliness and isolation.

7. The teacher condemned the students to a series of questions.

英文小作文：

I am often criticized for my mistakes, but I know that I am not alone in this. We all make mistakes, and we all need to learn from them and improve ourselves. I believe that castingigate ourselves is a way to become better people, and I am committed to doing so every day. I hope that I can learn from my mistakes and become a better person in the future.