extralinguistic

extralinguistic的音标是[ˌekstrəˈlɪŋɡwɪst]，基本翻译是“超语言的”、“超语言的”、“言辞之外的”、“言语表达之外的”。速记技巧包括使用缩写词、使用符号和标记、使用记忆技巧等。例如，可以将“E”表示为“extra-linguistic”，“r”表示“recognition”，“s”表示“speech”，将整个词快速记作“Ers”或“Els”。此外，还可以将音标和单词的主要部分结合起来进行记忆。

extralinguistic这个词的词源可以追溯到拉丁语和希腊语，具体来说，它是由“extra”（超出，超越）和“linguistic”（语言学的）两个部分组成的。这个词的含义是指那些超越语言本身的特征和规则，涉及到语言使用者的社会、文化、心理等方面的因素。

以下是一些extralinguistic相关的英文词源变化形式及相关单词：

1. sociolinguistics：社会语言学，研究语言在社会中的使用和影响。

2. cultural linguistics：文化语言学，研究语言与文化的关系，包括语言与身份、思维模式、价值观等方面的关系。

3. psycholinguistics：心理语言学，研究语言与人类心理过程的关系，包括语言理解、生成、记忆等方面的研究。

4. diachronic linguistics：历时语言学，研究语言的历史演变，包括语音、语法、词汇等方面的变化。

5. cross-linguistic：跨语言，指不同语言之间的对比和研究，强调语言的共性和差异。

6. code-switching：代码转换，指在交际中同时使用两种或多种语言或方言的现象。

7. linguistic relativity：语言相对论，指语言决定思维，不同的语言体系会导致不同的思维方式和认知模式。

8. linguistic imperialism：语言帝国主义，指强势语言对弱势语言的侵蚀和影响，包括语言标准化、同化、替代等现象。

9. linguistic diversity：语言多样性，指世界上不同语言之间的差异和多样性，包括语言的起源、发展、使用范围等方面的特征。

10. multilingualism：多语言主义，指多种语言并存和使用的情况，包括多元文化背景下的语言政策、教育、交流等方面的实践。

常用短语：

1. extralinguistic factors

2. linguistic competence

3. language awareness

4. cultural background

5. interpersonal communication

6. intercultural communication

7. language learning strategies

双语例句：

1. Extralinguistic factors such as environment and experience play a crucial role in language learning. (环境与经验等外在因素在语言学习中起着至关重要的作用。)

2. Linguistic competence refers to the ability to use language effectively, including understanding and producing language. (语言能力是指有效使用语言的能力，包括理解和产出语言。)

3. Language awareness helps us to understand the cultural differences that exist between languages and cultures. (语言意识有助于我们理解不同语言和文化之间的文化差异。)

4. Interpersonal communication is essential for effective communication, as it involves understanding and responding to the other person"s non-verbal cues such as facial expressions and body language. (人际沟通对于有效沟通至关重要，因为它涉及理解和回应对方的非言语提示，如面部表情和肢体语言。)

5. Intercultural communication requires a high level of cultural awareness and sensitivity, as well as an ability to adapt to different cultural norms and values. (跨文化沟通需要高度的文化意识和敏感性，以及适应不同文化规范和价值的能力。)

6. Language learning strategies can help us to improve our language proficiency and learning efficiency, including using technology, self-study, and group work. (语言学习策略可以帮助我们提高语言熟练度和学习效率，包括使用技术、自主学习和小组合作。)

英文小作文：

Extralinguistic Aspects of Language Learning

Language learning is not just about learning vocabulary and grammar, but also involves understanding extralinguistic aspects such as culture, environment, and experience. These factors can have a significant impact on language proficiency and communication effectiveness.

For instance, cultural background plays a crucial role in understanding language usage and social norms. Interpersonal communication, which involves understanding non-verbal cues such as facial expressions and body language, is essential for effective communication across cultures. Linguistic competence, which refers to the ability to use language effectively, including understanding and producing language, is crucial for successful language learning. Finally, language learning strategies such as using technology, self-study, and group work can help us improve our language proficiency and learning efficiency.

Therefore, it is essential to consider extralinguistic aspects of language learning when planning and executing language learning activities. By doing so, we can improve our language proficiency and communication effectiveness, while also gaining a deeper understanding of the culture and society of the target language.